Akụkọ - Okwu Mmalite nke Ọgba Ebuli nke Ọkwa: G80, G100 & G120

Na-ebuli agbụ na èbèbụ akụkụ dị oke mkpa n'ihe owuwu, nrụpụta, ngwuputa ihe na ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ụsọ osimiri. Ọrụ ha dabere na sayensị ihe onwunwe na injinịa ziri ezi. Akara akara nke yinye nke G80, G100, na G120 na-anọchi anya otu ike na-aga nke ọma, nke akọwara site na ike ntakiri ha (na MPa) mụbaa site na 10:

- G80: 800 MPa kacha nta ike

- G100: 1,000 MPa kacha nta ike tensile

- G120: 1,200 MPa kacha nta ike tensile

Akara ule ndị a na-agbaso ụkpụrụ mba ụwa (dịka ASME B30.9, ISO 1834, DIN EN818-2) ma na-enyocha nyocha na nnwale siri ike iji hụ na a pụrụ ịdabere na ya n'okpuru ibu siri ike, oke okpomọkụ, na gburugburu ebe na-emebi emebi.

1. Akụrụngwa na Metallurgy: Sayensị N'azụ Agụmakwụkwọ Na-ebuli Chains

The n'ibu Njirimara nke ndị a na-ebuli agbụ na-ebilite si kpọmkwem alloy nhọrọ na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ.

Ọkwa	Ihe ndabere	Okpomọkụ-ọgwụgwọ	Isi Alloying element	Atụmatụ Microstructural
G80	Ọkara-carbon ígwè	Na-emenyụ & iwe	C (0.25-0.35%), Mn	Martensite na-ewe iwe
G100	Igwe anaghị agba nchara dị elu (HSLA).	Nkwụsị na-achịkwa	Cr, Mo, V	Bainite/martensite mara mma
G120	HSLA ígwè dị elu	Iwe ọkụ nkenke	Cr, Ni, Mo, micro-alloyed Nb/V	Ultra-mma carbide mgbasa

Kedu ihe kpatara na ka ihe ndị a si dị mkpa:

- Nkwalite ike: Alloying element (Cr, Mo, V) na-etolite carbides na-egbochi mmegharị nke dislocation, na-abawanye ike mkpụrụ na-enweghị ịchụ àjà ductility.

-Nguzogide ike ọgwụgwụ: Microstructures dị mma na G100/G120 na-egbochi mmalite mgbawa. G120's tempered martensite na-enye ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ dị elu (> 100,000 cycles na 30% WLL).

- Yiri Nguzogide: Ịgbasi ike elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, hardening induction) na G120 na-ebelata abrasion na ngwa esemokwu dị elu dị ka ngwungwu draglines.

Usoro ịgbado ọkụ maka nguzosi ike n'ihe agbụ

•Pre-Weld Prep:

o Hichaa elu nkwonkwo iji wepụ oxides/mmetọ.

o Kpoo ọkụ ruo 200°C (G100/G120) iji gbochie mgbawa hydrogen.

•Ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ:

o Laser Welding: Maka agbụ G120 (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Al-Mg-Si alloys), ịgbado ọkụ nwere akụkụ abụọ na-emepụta mpaghara ngwakọta nwere HAZ nwere ụdị H maka nkesa nrụgide otu.

o Hot Waya TIG: Maka ụdọ igwe eji esi mmiri ọkụ (dịka, 10Cr9Mo1VNb), ịgbado ọkụ ọtụtụ ngafe na-ebelata mgbagha.

•Ndụmọdụ dị mkpa:Zere ntụpọ geometric na HAZ - saịtị mmalite mgbape dị n'okpuru 150 Celsius.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke Post-Weld (PWHT).

Ọkwa	Okpomọkụ PWHT	Jide oge	Mgbanwe Microstructural	Mmelite ihe onwunwe
G80	550-600C	2-3 awa	Martensite na-ewe iwe	Mbelata nchekasị, + 10% na-emetụta ike
G100	740-760C	2-4 awa	Ezi carbide mgbasa	15%↑ ike ike ọgwụgwụ, otu HAZ
G120	760-780C	1-2 awa	Na-egbochi M₂₃C₆ ịkpakọba ihe	Na-egbochi mbelata ike na oke okpomọkụ

Ịkpachara anya:Ịgafe 790ºC na-akpata carbide coarsening → ike / ductility ọnwụ.

2. Na-ebuli Chains arụ ọrụ na oke ọnọdụ

Gburugburu ebe dị iche iche chọrọ ngwọta ihe ahaziri ahazi.

Nkwenye okpomọkụ:

G80:arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike ruo 200 Celsius; na ike na-adị ngwa ngwa karịa 400 ° C n'ihi ngbanwe iwe ọkụ.

- G100/G120:Chains na-ejigide ike 80% na 300 ° C; akara ule pụrụ iche (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ya na Si/Mo agbakwunyere) na-eguzogide embrittlement gbadara ruo -40 Celsius maka iji arctic.

Nguzogide corrosion:

G80:Na-enwekarị nchara; na-achọ mmanu ugboro ugboro na gburugburu iru mmiri.

- G100/G120:Nhọrọ gụnyere galvanization (zinc plated) ma ọ bụ ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 316L maka osisi mmiri / kemikal). Galvanized G100 na-akwado awa 500+ na nnwale ịgba nnu.

Ike ọgwụgwụ na mmetụta siri ike:

G80:Zuru oke maka ibu static; mmetụta ike ≈25 J na -20°C.

G120:Ọpụrụiche siri ike (> 40 J) n'ihi mgbakwunye Ni/Cr; dị mma maka ebuli ike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụgbọ mmiri).

3. Ntuziaka nhọrọ kpọmkwem ngwa

Ịhọrọ ọkwa ziri ezi na-ebuli nchekwa na ọnụ ahịa arụmọrụ.

Ngwa	Akwadoro ọkwa	Ihe kpatara ya
Ihe owuwu General	G80	Ọnụ-ọnụ maka ibu dị oke ala / gburugburu akọrọ; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịkwa akwa.
Ebuli elu nke oke osimiri/mmiri	G100 (galvanized)	Ike dị elu + nguzogide corrosion; na-eguzogide olulu mmiri mmiri.
Ngwuputa ihe / igwuputa ihe	G120	Na-ebuli iyi nguzogide na njikwa nkume abrasive; na-adị ndụ mmetụta ibu.
Okpomọkụ dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, igwe igwe igwe)	G100 (ụdị a na-agwọ ọkụ)	Na-ejigide ike n'akụkụ ọkụ (ruo 300 Celsius).
Mbuli dị egwu dị egwu	G120	Ike ọgwụgwụ na-eguzogide maka ibuli helikopta ma ọ bụ nrụnye akụrụngwa na-atụgharị.

4. Mgbochi ọdịda na nleba anya nlekọta

- Ike ọgwụgwụ:Nke a na-ahụkarị na ntinye cyclic. Nguzogide mgbape mgbape nke G120 na-ebelata ihe egwu a.

- nrụrụ aka:Na-emebi ike; galvanized G100 èbè ikpeazụ 3 × ogologo na osimiri saịtị vs. uncoated G80.

- Nyocha:ASME nyere iwu ka nyocha kwa ọnwa maka mgbawa, eyi> dayameta 10%, ma ọ bụ elongation. Jiri nnwale magnetik maka njikọ G100/G120.

5. Na-agba ume ọhụrụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu

- Smart Chains:Agbụ G120 nwere ihe mmetụta agbakwunyere maka nleba anya ibu oge.

- mkpuchi:Nano-ceramic mkpuchi na G120 ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ na gburugburu acidic.

- Sayensị ihe onwunwe:Nnyocha n'ime ụdị nchara austenitic maka ebuli elu cryogenic (-196°C LNG ngwa).

Mmechi: Ịdakọ Chains ọkwa na mkpa gị

- Họrọ G80maka ebuli static na-adịghị emebi emebi.

- Họrọ G100maka gburugburu corrosive/dị ike na-achọ ike na ịdịte aka kwụ ọtọ.

- Họrọ maka G120n'ọnọdụ dị oke egwu: oke ike ọgwụgwụ, abrasion, ma ọ bụ nkenke ihe ebuli elu dị oke egwu.

Rịba ama ikpeazụ: na-ebute ụdọ agbaara agbapụta ụzọ na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ enwere ike ịchọpụta. Nhọrọ nke ọma na-egbochi ọdịda ọdachi - sayensị ihe onwunwe bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ibuli nchekwa.

Oge nzipu: Jun-17-2025